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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



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1776. 



THE 



1876. 



VIENNA EXPOSITION. 



REPORT 



Philadelphia Commission 



TO VIENNA. 



). Ki )9cdLe.l pK(~ &• . 



J. E. Mitchell, 

President, 



Charles H. T. Collis, 

Secretary. 






1 



j1 




^ PHILADELPHIA : 
KING & BAIRD, PRINTERS, 607 SANSOM STREET. 
1873. 



1."^ 



y- 



f llf Qf lllkisljlli fssiilfitoi U f igffiM. 



Philadelphia, December 23, 1873. 

TO THE 

HON. WM. S. STOKLEY, 

JVEayor of City of (Philadelphicu : 

Sir : — The Commissioners appointed by your 
Honor to represent the City of Philadelphia 
at the Vienna Exposition, and to collect such 
information as might aid our municipal au- 
thorities in carrying out the objects of the 
Centennial Exposition to be held here in 1876, 
beg leave to report that we met in Vienna 
in July last, and presented our credentials to 
the Hon. W. H. Garrettson, United States 
Commissioner General, who received us very 
kindly and offered us every assistance in his 
power to aid us in carrying out the objects 
of our mission, placing at our disposal an 
office in the United States Department of 
the Exposition Building, for the transaction of 



the business of the Commission. He also pre- 
sented us with a letter of introduction to the 
Baron Schwarz Senborn, Director General of 
the Exposition, who expressed a lively interest 
in our Centennial, and a desire to do all in 
his power to promote its success. 



The E 



XPOSITION 



? 



UILDING. 



Areacovered The ^' Pratcr," in which the Exposition was 

by Exposi- ^ ^ ^ ^■ 

tion. held, is a public park containing 9C0 acres, 

and the part of it used for the purposes of 
the Exposition covered about 575 acres, of 
which 286 acres were enclosed with a close 
board fence, 12 feet high, which cost about 
$140,500. The buildings are located about half 
the distance from the Grand Hotel in Vienna, 
that ours will be from the Continental Hotel 
in this city. 

The two principal steam railways connect 
near the buildings on one side, and a line 
of street cars reach it from the other. Three 
main avenues, about 80 feet wide, each meet 
near the entrance of the park, and connect 



Railway 
facilities. 



5 
with streets running into every part of the 
city. Mounted policemen are stationed at this 
point to control and direct the crowd of vehi- 
cles, and pedestrians. The " Prater/' which is 
the great place of resort for the Viennese, is 
a forest handsomely laid out with foot paths 
and carriage roads, and, without possessing the 
natural beauties of Fairmount, is a very attrac- 
tive place of resort ; its well kept drives are 
thronged every fine day with carriages of all 
kinds, and thousands of pedestrians find rest 
and refreshment under the shade of its fine 
old trees. 

No description can give an idea of the size 
and beauty of the Industrial Palace, with its 
magnificent dome — the largest ever constructed 
— and its elaborately ornamented facades and 
portals. It is built of bricks which are covered Material. 
with German Portland cement, of a soft neutral 
tint, in which the most exquisite ^' bass-re- 
liefs," and statuary are modelled, having all 
the effect and beauty of ^' Caen" stone. 

The Industrial Palace is 3,000 feet long, by Dimensions 

of £xposi- 

575 feet wide, costing three millions of dol- tion. 
lars. It covers 35 acres, being equal to the 



space occupied by Broad street extending from 
Race to Locust streets, and including one half 
of the blocks west to Fifteenth street, and east 
to Thirteenth street — the public buildings at 
the intersection of Market, if circular, and 
352 feet in diameter, would give an idea of 
the Dome. 

Machinery The Machlncry Hall is 2,620 feet long, by 

165 feet wide, and covers g acres — a line of 
shafting extends its whole length, which is 
driven by steam engines placed outside the 
building — the entire cost, including the boilers, 
engines and fixtures necessary to supply the 
power, being $776,000. 

Agricultural The Agrlcultural Buildings cover 6 acres. 

Hall and 

FineArt ^nd cost $335,000; and the Fine Art Gallery, 

Gallery. 

with 30,800 superficial feet of wall space cost 
$371,000 But these dry figures give a very 
feeble idea of the extent and magnificence of 
these buildings, nor can language describe the 
beauty of the untold collection of rare and 
^ wonderful goods collected in them from all 

parts of the world. Besides these immense 
Other build- structures there are several others of large size, 

ings. 

together with about 140 buildings of various 



7 

dimensions, representing palaces, pavilions, school 
houses, restaurants, dwelling houses of the 
different nationalities and of individual exhibi- 
tors, of various kinds. 

The cost and extent of the Vienna build- Caution in 

regard to ex- 

ings are given with a view rather to avoid ph'lilddphia 

. , . . ^ Exposition, 

than to emulate them either in magniticence 
or outlay ; and while we should endeavor to 
celebrate our nation's Centennial in a manner 
worthy of our nation's dignity, it is not neces- 
sary in order to do so that we should attempt 
to imitate the grandeur and dazzling beauty 
of the expositions of the old world, but rather 
desire to appear for what we really are — a plain, 
practical and common sense people. The cost 
of our buildings should be kept within the 
lowest possible sum consistent with ample space, 
as they are only of a temporary character. It 
is useless for us to attempt competition with 
the old world in external architectural effect ; 
rather should we look to the beauty and con- 
venience of the interior arrangements of the 
building. 



The Horticultural Department 

at Vienna consisted of an oblong frame work, 
covered with canvas, in which displays of fruits, 
plants, and flowers were held at stated intervals, 
but no attempt was made to have a grand display 
of al] the products of the orchard and garden at 
one time. In this particulur the French Ex- 
position of 1867 vastly excelled the Viennese, 
and with our varied products of fruits and 
flowers we can excel any other country, if the 
necessary encouragement is given to our people 
by the erection of suitable buildings to receive 
their products. These buildings should consist 
of a grand conservatory for the general dis- 
play, and smaller houses for the growth of 
fruits and flowers, and should be of permanent 
character, built at the expense of the City, so 
as to remain after the close of the exposition as 
a winter garden and conservatory for the use 
and enjoyment of our people for all time. 



Memorial Wall and Museum. 

One of the most beneficent results of former 
expositions has been the establishment of a 
memorial of the event by the erection a suita- 
ble building to receive the mementoes which 
would be offered at the close of the exposition, 
many of them of great historical interest, and 
all of them useful as the nucleus for the forma- 
tion of a museum of art, science and manufac- 
ture. Such was the origin of the South Ken- 
sington Museum in London, which was started 
at the close of the exposition of 1851, in a 
small iron building, and which, by gradual ac- 
cretions in the form of bequests, presents and 
by purchase, has become one of the largest and 
most useful institutions in the world ; it now 
has a very extensive range of buildings, cover- 
ing several acres, and containing a magnificent 
collection of works of art and manufactures. 
Lectures are given by the best talent of the 
nation, and the institution supports no less 
than 940 schools, with about S^^S^S pupils. 
In the construction of our Memorial Build- 



lO 

Should be ing this object should be kept in view, the 

made perma- 
nent and use- arrangements of its parts made to conform 

to the purposes of a museum, and no better 

memorial of our great exposition could be 

devised than to hand down to posterity a 

collection of rare and beautiful articles which 

would doubtless be donated by exhibitors, who 

would be proud to become the patrons of an 

object which would perpetuate their names to 

posterity, as public benefactors. A part of this 

museum should be set apart for a collection 

of articles of dress, furniture, paintings, &c., 

illustrating the olden times of this country. 

Many such interesting mementoes of a by-gone 

age are now in the possession of our own 

people, who would doubtless deposit them as 

a loan for exhibition, if assurances could be 

given that they would be properly and safely 

cared for, and returned if required. 

Character of In thc location of buildings of this charac- 

site to be 

selected for |-gj. [^ Eurooe, an eminence is always chosen. 

Memorial ^ ^ ^ ^ 

^^"* when it can be obtained, thereby increasing the 

effect of the structure, and of giving an ex- 
tended view from its top. 

It is fortunate for us that we have in our 



II 

Park a site already prepared by nature for our 
Memorial Hall, and commanding a view almost 
equal to that from the ^' Gloriette/' at Vienna. 
George's Hill possesses all the requirements 
for a building of this character, as it not only 
commands a magnificent view of the city and 
suburbs, but the whole of the Exposition 
Buildings could be seen from it at a glance. 
It should be approached by means of a wide suggestions 

for arrange- 

avenue, proceeding; from the west end of the "^^"^°^^p- 

^ r o proaches to 

Industrial Palace — with easy rises in the form Haii!''"^ 
of terraces, ornamented with statues of the great 
and good men of our country. The sides of 
the avenues should be planted with flower 
beds and shrubbery, and if made brilliant with 
fountains and cascades, it would scarcely be 
surpassed by any similar location in the world. 
As the city authorities propose to furnish a 
portion of the funds necessary to erect this 
building, it is hoped that ample time may be 
given to build it in the most substantial man- 
ner, and for this reason it should not be con- 
sidered as forming a necessary part of the 
Exposition Buildings. We most sincerely trust 
that no present expediency will be permitted 



12 

to interfere with placing Memorial Hall in its 
proper location, as no present convenience for 
its use as a part of the Exposition can pos- 
sibly compensate for the irreparable loss to all 
future generations, from having it placed else- 
where than on George's Hill. 



Water Department and Drainage. 

The supply of water at the exposition was 
entirely independent of the city supply, three 
separate works being erected on the grounds 
for this purpose 

ist, A fifty horse power steam engine and 
pumps forced water from wells into a stand 
pipe 138 feet high, with a tank at the top 
containing 8,000 cubic feet of water, as a sup- 
ply for 100 fire plugs, 180 hydrants and water 
closets, and nine small fountains. Capacity from 
16,000 to 18,000 cubic feet of water per hour. 

ad. Two engines of fifty horse power each, 
with pumps forcing water from a well to supply 
two large fountains at the south entrance, and re- 
quiring 6,000 cubic feet per hour each, the 



13 

water being returned to the well after passing 
through the fountains. 

3d. Steam engine and pumps to draw water 
through iron pipes, driven through the gravel 
into the water level and collected into a reser- 
voir 18 feet above the floor of the Machinery 
Hall, to supply the boilers, &c. 

There were 1 1 miles of pipes laid, and the 
total capacity of all the works was equal to 
7,180,400 gallons daily. 

The sewage and waste water was carried oflf* 
through a brick culvert connected with the 
Danube canal. 



WoTELS. 



A very large increase in our hotel accommo- 
dations will be imperatively demanded, as a 
very bad impression will be formed of us if, after 
inviting the whole world to come and see us, 
we fail to provide proper accommodations for 
their reception and comfort. Ten new hotels 
of large size and with handsome accommoda- 
tions were built in Vienna, for 1873 ; besides 
about 45 hotels of various grades already in ex- 



14 

Istence. It is said that accommodations were 

prepared for 60,000 strangers. 
Suggestions Therc should be erected several larg-e hotels, 

for erection O ^ 

which would not exceed the after requirements 
of the city, and others of a temporary charac- 
ter, say an entire block of ground covered with 
buildings, except an open space in the centre 
as a court yard for light and ventilation — these 
buildings could afterwards be subdivided into 
small dwelling houses, and thus serve a useful 
purpose at the close of the exposition, and if 
located near the Park, would make desirable 
summer residences. 

# 

Convenience of Access. 

It was found in Vienna, that notwithstanding 
the large increase in the means of conveyance 
to the Exposition, they were totally inadequate 
to accommodate the public on gala days, when 
from 100,000 to 139,000 persons desired to 
attend. Professor Blake, of the Centennial Com- 
mission, states, on the opening day at Vienna, 
a line of vehicles extended from the gates of 
the Exposition Grounds to the Grand Hotel, 



15 



about 1 2 miles, and very many persons did not Local travel 

•' •' ■•• should be 

arrive until after the ceremonies had closed ; l^nvui 



cheap and 
viting. 

that a wise policy requires that access to the 
Exhibition should not only be cheap but invit- 
ing; that no one will walk to see it a sec- 
ond time, as the fatigue of going through and 
examining a large exposition, is sufficiently ex- 
hausting, and that persons should be set down 
at the doors of the building, and if possible 
into the building itself. Much discomfort 
was experienced at Vienna, by passengers 
from being landed from 800 to 1,200 feet from 
the main doorway, and being compelled to 
walk this distance over rough gravel ways, and 
unprotected from the heat of the sun, or rain. 

A very valuable addition to our means of con- steam rail- 
ways should 

veying persons direct to the Exposition Grounds, i^ave stations 
might be found by the use of the Connecting ^^^^^" ^'"^'^" 
Railroad for way passengers, by having a siding 
constructed into a station adjoining the Exposi- 
tion Building, thereby landing passengers under 
cover and without fatigue. At the Crystal 
Palace, at Sydenham near London, the cars 
pass directly into the building, the fare being 
included in the price of admission. 



i6 

Your Commission is indebted, for the follow- 
ing admirable report on the municipal gov- 
ernment of the city of Vienna, and the ten 
pertinent suggestions to our own government. 
Report of ^^ Gcn. C. H. T. Collis and his associates, 

iVXessrs Col- 

lis. Hill and Messrs. Hill and Elkins, who were appointed 

Elkins on 

municipal a committce for this purpose, and who remained 

regulations. 

in Vienna nearly four weeks, during which time 
they were in constant communication with the 
heads of departments, whom they found uni- 
versally courteous and disposed to furnish them 
with all the information which they might find 
useful. 



Description " Thc City of Vlcnua though much smaller in 
of Vienna, j^-g bullt up area, contains a population almost 
equal to that of the City of Philadelphia 
(700,000 being the present estimate), and its 
people are engaged in manufacturing pursuits 
similar to those for which our own city 
is famous. It is considered one of the hand- 
somest and most attractive of European cities ; 
though it labors under the disadvantage of innu- 
merable narrow streets, with us more properly 
called alleyways, which are badly lighted, and 
poorly cleansed. 

^^ The modern city however, upon the con- 
struction and adornment of which, millions have 



17 

been lavished, both by the government, and in- 
dividual and corporate enterprise, is a model of 
stability, architectural grandeur and system, per- 
haps unexcelled in the world. This has been 
the work of the past ten years, and its success 
is alike attributable to the advanced views of 
the reigning Emperor, the generous encourage- 
ment of the government to private enterprise, 
and the study of similar improvements in other 
parts of Europe and in America. 

'^ The old City of Vienna was formerly sur- 
rounded by fortifications covering a vast extent 
of land, and resting at both flanks, upon the 

TTT* • Extensive 

banks of the Danube Canal. Within the past municipal 
few years these works have been abandoned, the ^ntr^ 
ground levelled, graded and drained, plotted out 
into rectangular blocks, with wide streets and 
avenues, many of the blocks being covered by 
imposing edifices and superb residences, and 
many of them laid out as public parks or 
^ squares,' planted with shade trees and flower 
beds, and laid out with well kept walks and lawns. 
When this change, which was to produce such 
a marked effect upon the future prosperity of 
Vienna, was determined upon by the government, 
one of the earliest enactments in reference to 
the project, was the passage of an ordinance by 
the municipality, providing that all buildings of 
a certain superior class which might be erected 
upon this new ground within a given limited time, ir^empiiou 
should be exempt from municipal taxation for thirty ^'^;''°^ 
years. The effect, as may be imagined, was mag- 



i8 

ical. Thousands of workmen and millions of 
dollars were at once employed. Churches, hotels, 
opera houses, theatres, stores, club houses and 
dwellings covered the entire space in a couple 
of years ; and the visitor who returned to 
Vienna after an absence of that period, instead 
of finding half a million of people crowded 
together in high narrow houses, built upon cramped 
and crooked lanes and alleys, found a city possess- 
ing the stable appearance of London, the beauty 
and brilliance of Paris, and the system and regu- 
larity of Philadelphia ; and he well wondered how 
this had all been brought about. 
itsadvan- ^^ It wouM bc Unfair, however, in us to report 

tages and dis- , ^ , , 

advantages, that thcrc was not, and is not, serious opposi- 
tion in Vienna to this system of exemption, 
which has not been confined exclusively to the 
improvements on the fortifications. The city, 
like the nation, is almost hopelessly in debt, 
and its revenues are sadly in need of the aid 
which would be obtained from this source, but 
for the exemption law. On the other hand, it 
is contended, that after the lapse of a quarter of 
a century, the revenue from this locality will, in 
another quarter of a century, amount to suffi- 
cient to redeem the whole debt of the city ; and 
without espousing either side of the question, 
it may be safely said, that but for the exemp- 
tion law, Vienna would not to-day hold the 
prominent position she occupies among Euro- 
pean capitals. 

'' Many of the finest public buildings, hotels and 



19 

private residences are of a delicate buff color, and character of 
have the appearance of cut stone, although they are vTenna^^ '' 
generally built of bricks, afterwards covered with 
Portland cement, which admits of very elaborate 
ornamentation by means of statues, bass-reliefs, 
carved window and door heads and sills, cornices, 
etc., the work being done very rapidly and at a 
small expense. 

'^ These buildings having withstood for years same pian 

, ^ r ^ ' 1' 1 • 1 • • suggested tor 

the severe frosts or this climate, which is quite as 1876. 
cold in winter and as hot in summer as our own, 
there is no reason why this style of building should 
not be introduced here, and it might be very advan- 
tageously used in the construction of buildings of 
a temporary character in 1876, and it would relieve 
the monotony of our red bricks if introduced into 
the city generally. 

^' When it was determined by the Austrian Austria's 
government to hold a World's Fair at the capital, foTher'°"' 
one of the earliest subjects which demanded and 
received the study and attention of her officials 
was the condition of the City of Vienna and her 
surroundings. The site for the exposition build- 
ing having been selected, a thorough inspection inspection 

. . and report of 

was made by a corps of army engineers^ in con- engineer 
junction with the engineers of the municipality, ^°'^^^' 
of the approaches to the city itself, and the 
avenues of travel from the city to the exposition 
grounds. The result of this examination was a 
report containing suggestions involving heavy 
expenditures for widening, draining and repav- 
ing streets, constructing new and repairing old 



20 



Enormous 
cost of per- 
spective im- 
provements. 



DifSculty of 
raising the 
money. 



bridges, macadamizing public drives, planting 
young shade trees, beautifying public squares 
and parks, tearing down and building up 
again of public buildings, increasing the supply 
of gas and of lamps, and laying miles of 
additional gas and water pipes ; and nearly all 
the suggestions made, were carried out. The 
authorities candidly admit that these Improve- 
ments were upon a larger and more extravagant 
scale than was at all necessary for the oc- 
casion ; but the ^ exposition fever' had pos- 
session of the people, and it was the favorable 
opportunity to procure money and moral support 
for projects which at any other time would have 
been discouraged. 

''It was estimated that the expense of making 
these alterations and Improvements, and sustain- 
ing the force of civil officers to be added to the 
ordinary force, would amount to several millions 
of dollars, and yet the city government was 
without a penny In Its treasury which was not 
otherwise appropriated. At this juncture the 
General Government agreed to advance a suffi- 
cient amount to commence the improvements, 
said advance to be reimbursed out of a loan 
thereafter to be created. Then arose the question 
of the best and surest method of negotiating for 
the large amount of money required. Austria 
had already exhausted, in this respect, the 
confidence of her neighbors, and her own 
capitalists could not be expected to come to her 
aid unless at exorbitant rates of discount. Who 



21 

ultimately suggested the successful plan we did successful 
not hear, but the government did raise $35,0005- ml^eiyl-^op- 
000, by issuing 1,500,000 certificates of loan, re- ^^^g'^j^^c^^oco 
deemable in fifty years, of 50 florins ($25) each, '^^^'^^* 
giving each contributor a chance in a lottery to 
be drawn four times in each year, and distribut- 
ing $2,000,000 in prizes, the highest prize being 
$150,003; each contributor, whether successful 
in the lottery or not, being entitled to draw 
three and a half per cent, per annum upon his 
investment. The desire of the people to make 
the exposition a success, which was kept con- 
stantly alive by the press, public orators, and 
Imperial decrees, coupled with the dazzling hope 
held out to them by the lottery, kept the city 
government amply supplied with funds for its 
extraordinary improvements. 

^^ The only extra tax levied for exposition pur- unwise tax- 
poses, was one which we think was exceedingly 
unwise, and resulted in serious injury to the 
exposition enterprise. It was an increase in the 
rate of tax upon lodgers. With a city of so 
large a population, containing only 15,000 
houses, making an average of fifty persons to 
a house, it can be imagined that the residents 
are nearly all lodgers, that is to say, they are 
tenants of ^ apartments.' During the exposition 
year the owners of these houses were taxed four 
per cent, upon the rent paid by their tenants, the 
charge being based upon a return made by the 
landlord certified to by all his lodgers, and the 
penalty for a fraudulent return being a fine often 



ation. 



22 

times the amount of the rent paid in the whole 
building. All this resulted in fixing extravagant 
rates, necessitating an advance in price of the 
commodities dealt in by the tenants themselves, 
thus making Vienna the dearest city in Europe 
during the year 1873, when, on the other hand, 
the government should have conduced to making it as 
unwile uxa- (ittvactivc in prices as in adornment. In ordinary 
tion. times real estate is taxed for national reve- 

nue 16 per cent, of its literal rental valuation, 
and for municipal purposes 17 per cent., mak- 
ing together ^^^ P^^ cent., but in time of war 
or flood, or to meet the expense of an extraordi- 
nary municipal improvement, such as that now 
going on in the change of the course of the Dan- 
ube, an additional tax is levied. There is also an 
income tax, which applies to corporations as well 
as individuals, and an excise is levied on tea, 
horses, dogs, carriages, plate, jewelry and pre- 
cious stones. The tax on carriages is $13 per 
annum. In other words, the Austrian people are 
perhaps more heavily taxed than any other peo- 
ple in Europe. The only real estate exempted 
from taxation are churches, public schools, muni- 
cipal and government buildings, and ambassa- 
dors' and consuls' residences. 

^^ Having determined upon the public improve- 
ments to be made, and having matured plans to 
secure the necessary money therefor, the muni- 
cipal government next turned its attention to 
ascertaining the capacity of the city for accom- 
modating visitors, and to the allotment of 



23 

lodgings. Private enterprise was also at work capacity of 

1 —I 11-11 Viennafor 

as soon as the exposition became an established visitors. 
fact, and sites were selected and the work com- 
menced upon several grand hotels. In a few 
months the authorities were enabled to report that 
the hotels had a capacity for io,ooo, private lodg- 
ings for 25,000, and the city government itself 
arranged to accommodate in its public buildings 
2,000. They also reported that upon an emer- 
gency the city would be capable of providing 
from 50,000 to 60,000 beds. 'This emergency^ 
however^ never arose. The city government then 
embarked in an elaborate system of establishing 
' bureaus of information for lodgers/ etc., pre- Bureau of 
pared daily lists of boarding and lodging houses, f^f^'J^g^'^^^^^ 
with their location, prices and other data ; these 
lists were printed and posted in railway and 
police stations and other conspicuous places, 
and handed to visitors upon their arrival by 
'commissionaires' employed for that purpose; 
but the authorities early discovered that they 
had wasted much time and money upon this 
useless organization, and soon abandoned it. Abandoned. 
The telegraph had enabled tourists and others 
to arrange beforehand for lodgings, without the 
aid of the cumbersome ' bureau of informa- 
tion.' 

''The municipal government of Vienna under- provisions. 
took also to secure a wholesome and abundant 
supply of provisions during the exposition 
season, and to this end dispatched police agents 
to the provinces to induce farmers to send their 



Unhealthy- 
food de- 



24 

produce to Vienna, in preference to other mar- 
kets. A large corps of detectives was con- 
stantly employed upon the country roads and 
railway stations, and in the public markets, with 
stroyed. pQwcr to examine the condition of food offered 
for sale, and to destroy such as did not pass 
inspection. Facilities on a grand scale were also 
extended to persons who were willing to run the 
risk of bringing large supplies to the city. For 
instance, one corporation received authority to 
erect booths in the public streets, free of charge 
for rent, conditioned that they would sell beef 
at seventeen cents per pound, while the regular 
retail price was twenty-two cents. This com- 
pany bought up a large supply of cattle, and se- 
cured a monopoly of the beef market ; still, 
like many other enterprises, based upon the be- 
lief that the city would be crowded with visi- 
tors, it was financially a failure. 

'' Having thus ascertained what the authorities 
had done which was entirely new, and in addi- 
tion to their regular system of government, we 
next examined their permanent departments, 
and inquired what they had each done to meet 
the requirements of this extraordinary occasion, 
and what additional regulations, if any, had been 
made in regard to the police, gas supply, water 
supply, public vehicles, fire department, drainage, 
local telegraph, etc. We will in their order report 
the result of our inquiries. 



Increase o 
ice force 



-5 



Police. 

" The police force of the city of Vienna is 
1 5 600 privates, or one to every four hundred and 
thirty-seven souls. For the exposition year, it was p^' 
increased by the addition of 8co privates. (For ^^^e^p^^'- 

J -'TV tion pur- 

a similar purpose, the London police force was po^es. 
increased 1,400 men in 1851 ; and the Paris 
force 1,000, in 1867.) The appointments are 
all made by the mayor of the city, and continue 
during good behavior, or until the officer has 
served a certain number of years, when he 
becomes a pensioner. The salaries per annum 
are as follows : 

I Central' Inspector ^I>225 Salaries of 

4 Chief Inspectors, each 1,000 police. 

5 Ward Inspectors, at 750 

5 Ward Inspectors, at. . . . . . 650 

6 Ward Inspectors, at 550 

44 Precinct Inspectors 475 

92 Sergeants, at 350 

92 Sergeants, at 320 

1.229 Policemen, at 210 

1.230 Policemen, at . 180 

^^ The annual cost of maintaining this force. Annual cost 
including all expenses of every character, is 



.,740. 

" For the purposes of the exposition, the force 
as already stated, was increased by the addition 
of 850 men, at an additional cost for the season 
of $404,500. These men having much more 



26 

arduous duty to perform than the ordinary 
patrol duty, received an extra compensation of 
40 cents per diem, paid out of the National 
Exposition fund. They were all picked men, 
promoted to this duty^and extra compensation, 
as a reward for faithful service. The police 
force of Vienna, like that of other European 
cities, is composed principally of men who have 
seen active service in the army, and who wear 
upon their breasts the medals of merit bestowed 
upon them by the government. Thev are as a 
rule well made, and well dressed, intelligent and 
courteous. 
Raiiotopop. [The Metropolitan Police force of London is 
p^i|^7of 10,000 strong, the city police 800 strong; being 
chiefcit.es of qj-^^ policcman for every '\i\ souls. The police 

Europe. f ^ , . ' . . ^ 

force of Paris consists of a civil guard of 4,000 
• gensdarmes, and a city police, called sergeants de 

ville 3,570 strong, being one to every 229 souls. 
As stated above, that of Vienna is 1,600, or one 
to every 437 souls. Yet Philadelphia, with a 
population of 726,000, has a police force of only 
I, coo men, or one to every 726 souls. And in 
this connection the fact should be remembered 
that every European city has a large military 
garrison.] 

'^ We found the police authorities of Vienna 
very familiar with the similar organizations in 
America, and they expressed their surprise at 
our ability to preserve life, property, and the 
public peace with forces bearing so small a pro- 
portion to the population. 



cc 



27 

" To show the necessity for a large increase in Necessity of 

T r • r. z' 1 r 1 1 • increasing 

our police force, in 1876, the following statement poiiceforce 
of the number of visitors to the various Expo- ph^l"'^^"^^^ 
sitions held heretofore, and which were kept open 
from five to six months, Avill be of interest at this 
time. 

1851, London^ .... 6,039, 195 visitors 

1855, Paris, ..... 5,162,330 

1862, London, .... 6,211,030 

1867, Paris, 10,151,728 

1873, Vienna, 7,254,000 

of which 2,000,000 were free, and 5,254,000 paid 
for admission^ — the largest number present on any 
one day was 139,073 persons on the closing day. 
It was open 186 days, the average daily attendance 
being 40,000 persons. It is customary at these 
large displays for the bulk of the visitors to spend 
the entire day at the Exposition, taking their 
meals at the restaurants — these will probably be 
two-thirds of the daily attendance, and will desire 
to enter the building within the hour after its 
opening and wish to return during the hour of its 
closing — this will require, on gala days at least, 
means of conveyance, and police regulations to 
convey, and keep in order, about 80,000 persons 
passing into and leaving the Exposition within an 
hour during the morning and afternoon. 



28 



pA 



S. 



Its inferior 
quality. 



Superior 
system of 
lamp loca- 
tion. 



Cost of gas 
in Vienna. 



" Perhaps there is no one feature in which the 
cities of Europe excel our own more strikingly 
than in that of illumination, and yet, strange to 
say, the gas is so inferior to ours in quality, 
and so offensive to the smell, that for indoor 
purposes candles or oil lamps are universally in 
use, and are even preferred by Americans long 
resident abroad. 

^^ Street lamps with us seem to have been insti- 
tuted to serve as guide posts to the traveller 
between long intervals of space, whilst in Europe 
their object is to create an artificial light by 
night, as closely approximating that which nature 
supplies by day, as it is possible for art to ac- 
complish. These lamps are placed upon each side, 
of the street, at an average interval of sixty feet. 
They are kept cleanly and in excellent repair, 
lighted at twilight, and kept burning all night. 
In Vienna the gas is at present supplied by a 
private corporation, which is under contract with 
the city to supply it with gas, pipes, fixtures, 
etc., until the year 1877. The cost to the city, 
under this contract, of a lamp burning all night, 
at the rate of five cubic feet per hour, is 
$33.07 per annum. The average cost to the 
city is seventeen and a half cents per hundred 
English cubic feet. The rate to private and 
public householders and shopkeepers, is about 
fifty per cent, higher. 



29 

*^The city authorities being of opinion, how- New works 

, I r' J I to be built 

ever, that they can manufacture and supply gas ^ Vienna. 
at a lower rate, and in a more satisfactory manner 
than at present, are now erecting two extensive 
works, one at each end of the city, at a cost of 
$7,500,000, which amount has been appropriated 
for that purpose. 



Water Supply. 
^^ There are no water works of any description inadequate 

T7* ^* n • • ^\- waterworks. 

in Vienna, excepting a small reservoir in the 
northern part of the city, with a daily supply 
of 176,000 barrels. The population is depend- 
ent entirely for its supply of water for house- 
hold purposes, upon private wells and pumps, 
the well water being very disagreeable to both 
taste and smell ; and for street watering purposes, 
upon a supply conducted by means of pipes 
tapped by plugs, from an inlet of the river 
Danube. From which it may be conjectured 
how unfavorably the home comforts of Vienna, 
in this respect, compare with those of our own 
city, in what we call ^ modern conveniences.' 

[We learn, since our return home, that prelimi- 
nary steps are now being taken for the erection of 
extensive water works ; the supply to be obtained 
from a stream twenty miles distant from the city.] 



3° 



•Public Vehicles. 



Excellent 
system. 



Three differ- ^^ Thcrc are three classes of public vehicles in 
ent classes. Vienna, viz., street railways, omnibuses and 
cabs (700 omnibuses and 2,500 cabs ran to the 
Exposition), Passenger railways are located in the 
principal avenues of the new city, omnibuses are 
used through the narrow streets of the old city, 
and cabs are to be found at public stands in 
the vicinity of all the hotels, government build- 
ings, and public places of amusement. All 
these vehicles travel much more rapidly than 
with us ; the fare is considerably less, and the 
management much more perfect. The authori- 
Advantages tlcs wcre unanimously of opinion that the horse 
car, against the introduction of which there was 
at one time great and influential opposition, is 
really the only practicable means of transporta- 
tion, and wherever it can be, it is being intro- 
duced. It was, we confess, rather humiliating 
Checks upon ^o "s, rcprcscnting as we did an inventive 
duct^r^ ''°''" nation, to find that the problem of protecting the 
proprietors of horse railways from the pecula- 
tions of dishonest employees, had been solved 
by the Viennese in a manner so simple, that if 
introduced here the Slawson box, Ridgway car, 
and the patent registering bell would be at 
once abandoned. The plan is simply this: Fach 
conductor when he leaves the depot is supplied 
with a packet containing, say, 250 tickets, 
pasted together at the edges, and printed on 



31 

very thin tissue paper. The uppermost ticket 
is numbered ' i/ the next ^2/ the next ^3/ 
and so on up to 250 ; for every fare or pass- 
age ticket handed to the conductor, he gives the 
passenger in exchange one of these slips (from 
which the corner is torn) bearing a serial number ; 
a censor, employed by the company, enters the car 
at short intervals and calls for and examines these 
checks, and a passenger not having one, is required 
to pay his fare and receive one of these checks as a 
voucher, which slip the passenger tears up or 
throws away upon leaving the car. At the end 
of the journey the conductor hands in the balance 
of his package, and is charged with the number 
of missing slips. We have the best authority 
for reporting that this method has been in 
practice for over two years, and has been found 
an absolutely successful protection against dis- 
honest employees, and the conductor is enabled 
to devote the greater part of his time to the 
comfort of the passengers, which with us is oc- 
cupied in punching tickets and registering the 
fares. 

^' Each cab driver carries a supply of tickets checks upon 

1 - 'rr-r • y • t i*ii • ^^^ drivers. 

containing the ^tariff or prices, with which he is 
compelled to supply his passenger upon entering 
his cab ; they are required to pay an annual 
license, but during the exposition season, in order 
to encourage an increase of these vehicles, an 
ordinance was passed permitting every person 
who paid a license for two cabs to run a third 
one without license, of which law the owners 



32 



Advantages 
of Philadel- 
phia local 
travel over 
that of all 
other cities. 



all availed themselves. A substantiated charge 
of imposition made against a cabman is punish- 
able by fine, and the chief of police is invested 
with the powers of a magistrate for this pur- 
pose; a second offence is brought to the atten- 
tion of the mayor, who is clothed with the 
power of summarily revoking the license. These 
regulations are so rigidly enforced, that an over- 
charge by a cabman is a matter of rare occur- 
rence. 

''Each policeman is supplied with a book con- 
taining the legal charges, and other laws and ordi- 
nances which he may be called upon to enforce; a 
similar book placed in the hands of our policemen 
would aid them in the discharge of their duty, and 
enable them to see that stranger or citizen is not 
imposed upon. The telegraph was also brought 
into requisition, to enable a person entering at one 
portal to call his carriage to meet him, for which 
purpose driver and passenger were furnished with 
tickets bearing corresponding numbers. 

"7/ may be well just here to mention^ that among 
all the cities we visited in Europe^ we found none 
that afforded to the public the same facilities for 
easy conveyance from place to place^ as is afforded 
in Philadelphia, In fact we were informed by 
a prominent railway official in Brussels, that all 
the passenger railway men of Europe were 
familiar with the 'splendid net work of rail- 
ways in Philadelphia;' and we found many 
persons who were advocating the laying of rails 
in every street, to facilitate ordinary travel, ^ 
without regard to their use by passenger cars. 



33 



Fire Department. 



'^Probably the memory of the oldest inhabitant 
does not carry him back to a period when the 
' Fire Department ' of Philadelphia was in as 
primitive a condition as that of the city of Primitive. 
Vienna is to-day. It consists of ^^ small hand 
engines^ as many water-buts, three or four fire 
escapes, and 140 men. The fire alarm signal 
telegraph, though not unknown, is not estab- 
lished, because (as was contended against the in- 
troduction of the system here) ^ il would encour- 
age false alarms! Instead of it, there is a system 
of local telegraphy from fire station to station, 
erected at a cost of $130,000. The first infor- Alarms. 
mation of a fire is generally obtained from the 
steeple of St. Stephen's Cathedral, from which 
point the news is telegraphed to the different 
stations, which are eight in number, and the en- 
gines are then drawn principally by man power 
to the scene of the fire. Arriving here, they are 
pumped by persons employed upon the spot 
from the crowd, or by a corps of street sweep- 
ers (lads of about 18 years of age), who, upon 
hearing an alarm, are required to cease work 
upon the streets and proceed to the fire. The suppiyof 

•\ r \ ' 1 1 water to ex 

water is procured from the nearest private welJs, tinguish 
carried in buckets to the receiving but, and *'"''''* 
from it pumped into the engine. Upon receiv- 
ing information of a fire, a policeman is war- 
ranted in taking possession of any public or 

3 



34 



Uniform of 
firemen. 



private vehicle, and proceeding in it to the 
nearest fire station. (All this, of course, would 
be obviated by our telegraph system.) 

^' We were favorably impressed with the dress 
and equipments of the firemen. In the hot sea- 
son, the uniform consists of a suit of gray linen 
duck, and in winter, is somewhat similar to our 
own ; each man carries some useful implement, so 
that when the fire is reached, axes, hooks, ropes, 
Fire escapes, etc, are ready at hand. The fire escape is sim- 
ple, exceedingly portable, and in a city built 
like Vienna, often renders efficient service. It 
consists of a canvas pipe (so to speak), about 
three feet in diameter, and of sufficient length 
to be used from the roof of the loftiest houses 
in the city ; at one end is a bar of oak 
about four feet in length, which serves to se- 
cure the top of the bag between the sills of 
the window. We were favored with an exhibition 
of the fire escape drill, which demonstrated that 
in two minutes and a half after the arrival of the 
apparatus upon the scene, a person could be res- 
cued from the third-story of a burning build- 
ing. We were impressed also with the arrange- 
ments for supplying meals and lodgings to the 
firemen. All this was conducted with system, 
comfort and economy. On the whole, however, 
w^e feel bound to report that no town of 10,000 
inhabitants in the United States is so deficient 
in means to extinguish conflagrations as is the 
city of Vienna; and what w^as most surprising, 
when we referred to the systems of our own 



Meals and 
jndgings for 
firemen. 



35 

cities, our steam engines, hose trucks, plugs, 
water supply and telegraph signals, we found 
that we were imparting no news ; they had 
heard of it all, but still preferred their own, and 
satirically remarked that all these things had ex- 
isted in ^ Chicago ' and ^ Boston.' Naturally, 
this set us to thinking, and from this exhibition 
of what we deemed absolute incapacity, we learned 
our most valuable lesson in Vienna. There oreatadvan- 

T * • ^1 ^ '^ 1*1 • tage of thick 

exists an ordmance m that city, which requires partition 
that between every house there shall be a parti- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
tion wall running from the foundation to the '^^s^- 
roof, and a battlement wall three feet above the 
roof, of sufficient thickness to prevent the 
communication of fire from house to house. 
Hence all fires are confined to one building, and 
the necessity of an expensive fire brigade is avoided. 
Thus could Chicago have been saved from deso- 
lation, and thus could insurance companies and 
real estate owners in all our cities be spared the 
heavy losses that seem periodically to befall them. 

''The fire brigade at the Exposition Grounds Fire brigade 

. . . at exposition 

was a separate and distinct organization, under grounds. 
the control of the director general, and in no 
way connected with that of the city, unless it 
should require reinforcement, in which case, of 
course, it could call upon the city government 
for assistance. The water at the Exposition, for 
fire purposes, was supplied from wells bored on 
the Exposition Grounds. As is well known, a 
very serious fire did occur amongst a quantity 
of rubbish from packing boxes, stored beneath 



3^ 

the floor of the Exposition Building, but it 
was promptly extinguished by the fire brigade, 
engineers and police. 



Partly by 
contract. 



? 



TRBET Cleaning. 






'^The streets of the city proper of Vienna are 
cleaned by contract^ by a corporation, at a cost 
of $395^000 per annum, of which the passenger 
railways pay a portion, in proportion to the 
space occupied by their tracks. The principal 
streets are required to be swept twice in each 
day^ and watered in the summer season three 
times a day. 
And partly ^^ Ixi thc outcr wards of the city this work is 

ernm^r' pcrformcd by the municipal government itself, 
for which purpose it employs men, women, and 
boys (the women performing quite as much of 
the labor as the men) — and the streets are 
cleaned only twice in each week. 



^^ The following additional items of information 
we may mention, as not embraced under the 
foregoing heads. 
Scarcity of " Thcrc wcrc few, if any, pickpockets at the 
andthe^ret- Exposition, such offenders being so summarily 
.on therefor, ^j^^ sevcrcly dealt with in Vienna, that they 
have absolutely been driven away. If a pro- 
fessional thief is found, he is at once sent under 
guard outside the city, and upon his reappear- 
ance is committed to jail. 



37 
^^ There is no restriction whatever upon the Traffic j 

beer, wi 
and spirits. 



sale of beer and light wines, by any person who ^^^""'"^'"^ 



desires to engage in the traffic ; but licenses to 
sell spirits are granted only to the most trust- 
worthy persons, and are revocable by the mayor 
upon the substantiated complaint of any citizen 
that the regulations regarding its sale have been 
violated, and cannot be re-issued to the offending 
party. 

^^ Having thus given in as compendious a form 
as the subject justified, an outline of the infor- 
mation gathered by us in Vienna from the city suggestions 
authorities, it will not be out of place to make to PMiadei- 

^ -t phia City 

a few suggestions to the municipal authorities coundis. 
of Philadelphia, which, we are of opinion, may 
be profitably followed. 

^' In the first place it should be remembered 
that strangers are apt to base their opinions of 
the countries they visit, upon what they see 
at their capitals. Paris is France — Vienna is 
Austria — London is England. So in 1876 
Philadelphia will be the United States, or at 
least ought to be, if we are true to ourselves. 
Our neighbor. New York, will no doubt be what New 
dressed in her holiday attire, and will do her ^^^^^^i"^'^- 
best to make her city so attractive, that Phila- 
delphia shall only be visited by foreigners 
for the purpose of examining the Exposition ; 
doubtless fast and cheap excursion trains will 
be run daily from New York to Philadelphia, 
carrying passengers from Jersey City to the Ex- 
hibition Grounds, direct^ in two hours, and con- 



38 



The real 
question for 
Councils to 
meet. 



And why. 



Improve 

Fairmount 

Park. 



veying them back again in the evening at the 
same rate of speed. 

"Other roads having termini in Philadelphia, 
will offer the same inducements for daily visits. 
This has been the experience of London, Paris 
and Vienna, and manifestly will be the case 
with us. 

'^What shall we do to induce visitors to 
spend days with us, instead of hours ? 

''Your committee are of opinion, that this, 
after all, is the real problem for the municipal 
authorities to solve ; and for two great reasons, 
a patriotic and a selfish one. 

'' 1st. We desire that our own city shall be 
accepted as the type of American industry, 
enterprise, advancement, domestic comfort and 
social refinement. 

" 2d. We desire that our own people shall be 
benefited by the outlay of money always incident 
to an influx of sight seeing visitors. 

" The exhibition itself is in good hands, and 
will be made attractive if properly fostered by 
the city government. What then is there for the 
city government to do ? 

"ist. Make Fairmount Park par excellence^ the 
grandest park in the world. This is by no 
means a difficult undertaking. In the first place 
its natural beauties and advantages excel those 
of any other in existence (Phoenix Park in 
Dublin, being the only one that compares with 
it in this respect). The Bois de Bologne in 
Paris, the Prater in Vienila, Hyde Park, Regents 



39 

Park and Sydenham in London, are all works 
exclusively of art. Nowhere but in Philadelphia 
do two such charming streams as the Schuylkill 
and Wissahickon meander through the public 
pleasure grounds, and thus contribute to the in- 
genuity of man. 

^^ 2d. Make the approaches to Fairmount Park improve the 

approaches 

attractive. Let your streets and avenues be to it. 
well paved and curbed with granite (this pave- 
ment is now becoming universal in Europe), 
' and where new streets are opened or widened, 
encourage the erection of handsome buildings 
thereon. 

"3d. Put Broad street from its northern improve 

. . Broad street. 

to Its southern terminus, into such superb 
condition as to lighting, paving, curbing and 
planting of shade trees, that all the world 
may speak of it as a far more imposing avenue 
than the Champs Elysees in Paris, which at 
present stands unrivalled. 

'^4th. Enable every person to travel to the ex- ^o"^pei pas- 

^ •'A senger rail- 

position grounds from any part of the city, in waycom- 
a passenger railway car, at the minimum price reduce their 
charged by the passenger railway companies of 
any other city in the Union. Give to these 
corporations every advantage of right of way, 
and afford them all reasonable facilities they may 
request ; but insist upon a reduction of the fare to 
five cents per trip. The argument that Phila- 
delphia companies cannot afford to carry passen- 
gers at New York rates, because they carry less 
passengers than are carried in New York, may 



40 

be a sound one to-day, but will not apply during 
the exposition months of 1876. If the rail- 
way COMPANIES DO NOT ACQUIESCE, THEN THE 

Ortakep-.s- CITY GOVERNMENT SHOULD TAKE POSSESSION OF 

session of 

theirworks. THE ROADS, WHICH THEY HAVE THE RIGHT TO DO, 

FIRST COMPENSATING THE STOCKHOLDERS AS THE 

LAW REQUIRES. To charge the stranger 40 per 
.cent, more railway fare than he is charged in New 
York, would create an unfavorable impression 
against Philadelphia at the outset, and would be 
likely to lead to the inference that in every 
other respect our charges bore the same pro- 
portion of excess. 
Complete all ^^ 5th. Hastcn to complction all public works 
works. now in course of construction, such as the Pub- 

lic Buildings, South Street, Fairmount and 
Girard Avenue Bridges, and place existing works 
in the best possible condition of repair. The 
public squares, which in most cases area public 
disgrace, should demand the immediate atten- 
tion of Councils, and the expense of placing them 
in a condition worthy of the coming great 
OCCASION should be included in next year's esti- 
mates of expenditures. It is idle to suppose 
that this work which must be done sooner or later, 
can be deferred until 1875 or 1876. // must be 
commenced next spring and continued during the 
summer. Foliage, flower beds, grass plots, and 
walks are not the product of a single season. 
They require time^ and that commodity is al- 
ready too limited. Old Independence Hall will 
attract general attention, second only to the Ex- 
hibition itself, and the appointment of the 



41 

excellent committee now having in charge the 
work of restoration of that historic building, is 
a commendable step in the right direction. It 
is to be regretted, however, that the exigencies 
of the city government having prevented the re- 
moval of the modern wings and the new Quarter 
Sessions Court House, Independence Hall will 
not present the exact appearance it did a century 
ago. 

^' 6th. Improve the footways and roadways of jNiakeagen- 
the streets not already laid with the most approved ment3°'^^" 
pavements. At all events let such streets as ^°°^^^yf 

A and road- 

will be mostly travelled, present an appearance, ^.^ys. 
in this respect, worthy a great people, so that 
it shall lie in no man's mouth to rebuke us 
with being behind the times. 

'^yth. Remove all such obstructions to the Remove ob. 

. , , , . , 1 1 • 1 1 • • structions on 

sidewalks as exist, where the buildings project sidewalks. 
beyond the new line of your principal thorough- 
fares, for example, on the south side of Chestnut 
street, at the corner of Tenth street. Get rid 
of unsightly telegraph poles, and prohibit the 
erection of awning wings. 

^^ 8th. If the money can be spared, erect a new Erect 
bridge across the Schuylkill at Walnut street, bnage^cross 
obliging the contractor to complete it, ready f^l^^''^"^ " 
for use, on the istofMay, 1876. 

'' 9th. Render every facility to individuals or Encourag 

, , . I entertair 

corporations who desire to cater to the amusement mentfoi- 
of visitors, by laying out gardens for musical 
and other entertainments ; in other words, do 
everything in your power to provide rational 
and proper entertainments for your guests. 



entertain- 
ment fo 
visitors, 



42 



Perfect your 
sanitary- 
regulations. 



Reasons 
why these 
improve- 
ments can 
be better 
made now 
than in the 
future 



^^ loth. Above all else, take every precaution to 
make the sanitary condition of the city perfect. 
It matters not how grand may be the prepara- 
tions for this great event, if a suspicion gets 
abroad that an epidemic exists/ the enterprise 
will prove a failure. 

^' These suggestions may be open to the ob- 
jection that they involve a large expenditure of 
money but the city authorities ought to remember 
that this is not a mere display of fireworks, to 
gratify for the instant, and then pass away among 
the clouds. These improvements are not for a 
day or for an hour, they are for the next and 
the next generation of Philadelphians. 

"The advantages of the exposition are not all to 
be reaped during the exhibition weeks of 1876. 
It is simply an epoch which will compel us to take 
such a position among the great cities of the 
world, as in the ordinary course of events we 
would not reach for a quarter of a century. This 
one hundredth anniversary will be to Philadelphia 
a new birth, a fresh start, in all her metropolitan at- 
tire. The authorities will feel themselves stimu- 
lated by popular demand for a comprehensive 
system of improvement, which will be more 
potent even than the efforts of citizens' associa- 
tions and newspaper editorials have been in the 
past. It ought in fact to be a matter of con- 
gratulation to every public spirited citizen, that 
an event is approaching which will justify the 
city government in organizing a system of re- 
pair on a scale which they have not felt them- 
selves at liberty to do in the past, and unless the 



43 

government receives the cordial support of the 
people in these undertakings, it may be that some 
enterprising neighbor may filch from Philadel- 
phia what properly belongs to her, and what she 
will acquire if she be only true to herself/' 

We cannot close this report, without testify- t^^"^^^° 

r ^ J local author- 

ing to the uniform consideration and attention 

shown us, not only by the local authorities of 
Vienna, but of other places we visited, and the 
universal interest manifested by all classes of per- 
sons we met with, to gain all the information pos- 
sible about the Centennial Exposition in 1876; 
the manufacturers of Europe especially feel the 
importance of being properly represented on 
that occasion, and will largely avail themselves 
of this only opportunity which has ever oc- 
curred in this country, of exhibiting their 
goods in a new and very extensive market, and 
among a people who will doubtless become pur- 
chasers to a large extent. 

We were most cordially received by Honor- |o"ifj,^j^^y^ 
able John Jay, our distinguished minister at 
Vienna, who expressed the greatest interest in the 
success of our mission, and desired his private 
secretary, Mr. Delaplaine, to introduce us to Mr. dcu- 
municipal officers, and to whom our thanks are 



44 

especially due for much kind attention and 
And General valuable information. Our Consul^ General Post 

Post. 

also very kindly offered us his seryices. 

During; our stay in Eno;land \ye were tendered 
a public reception by the municipal authorities 
yisittoXew of Xe\y-Castle-on-Tyne5 who desired to be 

Castle-on- 

Tyne. fomicd of cycrything appertaining to our Cen- 

tennial Exposition^ which was fully explained 
by Director General A. T. Goshorn and Centen- 
nial Commissioner Lewis Wain Smithy Esq., 
who were present on the occasion, and were the 
recipients of marked attention. 

With the consent of your Honor, and in be- 

Presentaticn half of the city authorltles, we presented the 

cf map of 

Philadelphia large map of the City of Philadelphia, wliich 

to Baron ox . i. ^ 

Schwartz ^^,^^ shown at the Exposition, to the Baron 

benbom. r ^ 

Schwarz Senborn, Director General, who accepted 
it with many thanks. It will be placed in the 
Athenaeum and Mechanics' Institute, founded 
by himself in Vienna. 
Thanks to We also desire to express our thanks to P. 

English 

commis- Cunliffe Owen, Esq., the able representadye of her 
Britannic Majesty's Goyernment at the Vienna 
Exposition, for the many ciyilities he extended 
to us and for the valuable information he im- 



sioner to 
Vienna 



45 

parted, being the result of an experience gained 
in having represented the British Government 
at every important Exposition held since the 
one in London in 1851, and much of the ad- 
mirable management of the English Department 
was due to his exertions. 

We are also indebted to the Hon. W, P. And to w. 

p. Blake, 

Blake^, Centennial Commissioner, Mr. Henry HenryPettit 

and H. J. 

Pettit, Special Agent, and H. J. Schwartzman, ^"f^^"^^^' 

Assistant Engineer of the Park Commission, 

for many civilities at Vienna, and for much 

valuable information. 

Respectfully, your obedient servants, 

J. E. MITCHELL, 

President, 
JOHN E. GRAEFF, 
GEORGE DE B. KEIM, 
CHARLES S. MURPHY, 
JOHN L. HILL, 
J. E. GILLINGHAM,* 
WM. L. ELKINS, 
CHARLES H. T. COLLIS, 
Secretary, 
Wm. De La Barre, 

Assistant Secretary, 

f ^ 

* Mr J. E. Gillingham, who is still absent in 
Europe, has authorized his name to be attached hereto. 



^ 



k^ 



—) 



1776. 



THE 



1876. 



VIENNA EXPOSITION. 



REPORT 



Philadelphia Commission 



TO VIENNA 



J. E. Mitchell, 

President. 



Charles H. T. Collis, 

Secretary. 



JL^ 



5 PHILADELPHIA: 
KING & BAIRD, PRINTERS, 607 SANSOM STREET. 
1873. 



^ 



^^ 



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€ 






,^ss <? 












dec i, r -C^ C^'^C: 












